TITLE:
Optimization of Manufactured Quarry Sand Use in Concrete, Mortar and Plaster in Cameroon
AUTHORS:
Eloumala Onana Parfait Noel, Ebode Brice Valentin, Emvoutou Huguette, Mimbeu Yves, Messi Onana Norbert, Zogo Tsala Simon Armand, Ongune Raphael
KEYWORDS:
Fineness Modulus, Manufactured Quarry Sand, Concrete, Mortar, Plaster, Cameroon
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Civil Engineering,
Vol.16 No.3,
July
17,
2026
ABSTRACT: The use of manufactured quarry sand is a subject of debate among engineers, because of quantity of fine particle size elements and the difficulty to categorize between fine, average or coarse. Another important point is the missing of regulation from Cameroun about and especially the reprimands of public control service whether the quarry sand is found in the public site work. This study aims to optimize the use of manufactured quarry sand in concrete, mortar, and plaster in Cameroon by determining the most suitable particle-size fractions for each application. Our analysis and test found the optimization of quarry sand use, based on particle-size distribution and fineness modulus. Results emphasize the best use of the sand according to the particle size. By sieving, different fractions of sand can be made from manufactured sand and usefully adapted: From 0.315 to 5 mm with average fineness modulus value of 2.64, 60% of sand found its best use in concrete; about 40% of sand up to 0.63 mm with fineness modulus value of 1.19 is better for mortar and appropriate for plaster. Manufactured sand is highly pure, offering a consistent, engineered alternative to river, pit and sea sand that is free from organic impurities, silt, and clay. Due to controlled production, washing, and screening, it typically contains negligible fine particle, within 6% limits, ensuring superior durability, strength, and structural integrity in concrete—across the entire territory of Cameroon, the rocks are exposed, and exploitation of manufactured sand is availability. Compared to river and pit sand, manufactured sand has a very low cost. The findings of this study contribute to the sustainable and optimized use of manufactured quarry sand in Cameroon and provide a technical basis for its regulation and wider application in the construction sector.