TITLE:
Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia: Diabetes-Related Cognitive Impairment Evaluation of Diagnostic Tools and Research Progress
AUTHORS:
Peifang Wang, Wen Zhong
KEYWORDS:
Diabetes-Related Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Scales, Biomarkers, Precision Diagnosis, Individualized Treatment
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.14 No.7,
July
16,
2026
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia. Type 2 diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction (TDACD) is an important complication of the central nervous system of diabetes, and its diagnosis mode is highly dependent on neuropsychological scales. With the development of imaging and molecular detection technologies, marker systems represented by MRI, PET, and humoral biomarkers provide an objective basis for accurate diagnosis. This article aims to systematically review the diagnostic and differential diagnosis-related markers related to T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction or dementia, including neuropsychological scales, neuroimaging markers, and humoral biomarkers, and analyze their characteristics (such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, etc.), and provide ideas for accurate diagnosis of TDACD patients.