TITLE:
Dynamic Voltage Support and Stabilization in Renewable Energy Systems Using Hydrogen
AUTHORS:
Somaia Afify, Fatima Alamoodi, Rose Alsubaie, Kholoud Alhussini, Sultan Alghamdi
KEYWORDS:
Hydrogen Integration, Renewable Energy Integration, Electrolyzer, Fuel Cell, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Grid Stability, Electrical Grid
JOURNAL NAME:
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy,
Vol.17 No.7,
July
15,
2026
ABSTRACT: Integration of renewable energy sources into electrical grids introduces power quality challenges and system instability due to the intermittent nature of renewable generation. Although hydrogen is commonly used as an energy storage medium, this paper proposes its use as a dynamic support unit for grid stabilization and power balancing. The proposed system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a fuel cell integrated through a dynamic voltage control strategy. MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrate that the proposed system effectively restores the DC bus voltage to the nominal steady state following severe transient disturbances. Specifically, during power deficits when the voltage falls below 380 V, the fuel cell is activated to supply electrical power, whereas the electrolyzer operates during surplus power conditions above 420 V to absorb excess generated energy. The results demonstrate that the proposed hydrogen-based system enhances voltage stability, improves grid reliability, and provides effective dynamic support for renewable energy integration.