TITLE:
On the New Cosmological Meaning of the Planck Length and the Cell and the Naturalness of the Arrow of Time
AUTHORS:
Slobodan Spremo
KEYWORDS:
Emergent Planck Length, Primary Particle Hypothesis (PPH), Big Bounce Cosmology, Information Saturation, Arrow of Time, Single-Cell Origin
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.3,
July
10,
2026
ABSTRACT: We present a fundamental reinterpretation of the Planck length
ℓ
p
within the framework of the Primary Particle Hypothesis (PPH). Instead of a fundamental constant,
ℓ
p
is shown to be an emergent geometric scale arising from the saturation of discrete velocity states (
ε
) of primary particles. We demonstrate that the entire observable universe originates from a single Planck-scale comoving cell (
V
comoving
~
ℓ
p
3
), providing a natural solution to the horizon and flatness problems without the necessity of standard inflation. Within this “single-cell origin” scenario, the initial state corresponds to a minimal set of microstates (
S
initial
~
k
B
), providing a microphysical justification for the Past Hypothesis and the naturalness of the arrow of time. Furthermore, the Planck length is identified as the holographic limit of maximal information density where the collective dynamics of primary particles transition into hydrodynamic spacetime geometry. Primordial fluctuations emerge not from quantum vacuum noise, but from finite-number statistical fluctuations within the initial cell, yielding a spectral index
n
s
≈0.965
consistent with Planck observations. This framework establishes a robust link between pre-geometric velocity dynamics and macroscopic cosmological evolution.