TITLE:
Primary Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the Mediastinum: A Case Report
AUTHORS:
Lulu Zhu, Liangping Luo
KEYWORDS:
Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma, Mediastinum, CT, MRI, Immunohistochemistry, Genetic Testing
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.14 No.7,
July
7,
2026
ABSTRACT: Ewing sarcoma is a small round cell malignancy originating from peripheral primitive neuroectoderm, predominantly affecting children and adolescents. Primary extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma arising in the mediastinum is clinically rare but exhibits high malignant potential, with early hematogenous metastasis commonly occurring to the lungs, skeleton, and other organs; regional lymph node metastasis is also relatively frequent With current combined-modality therapy including surgery and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for patients with Ewing sarcoma has improved to approximately 70%; however, for those presenting with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate remains below 30%. This article reports a case of primary mediastinal Ewing sarcoma confirmed postoperatively by immunohistochemistry and genetic testing, aiming to enhance clinicians’ understanding and diagnostic proficiency regarding this disease.