TITLE:
Clinical and Diagnostic Characteristics of Mitral and Aortic Valve Diseases: A Contemporary Review
AUTHORS:
To’ychiyev Hakim Hukimovich, Qo’yliyeva Nasiba Ahmad Qizi, Qo’yliyeva Shaxlo Axmad Qizi
KEYWORDS:
Mitral Valve Disease, Aortic Valve Disease, Valvular Heart Disease, Echocardiography, Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Regurgitation, TAVI, TEER, Valve Severity Thresholds
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.14 No.7,
July
7,
2026
ABSTRACT: Valvular heart disease remains a clinically important cause of cardiovascular morbidity, heart failure, arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension and reduced quality of life. Among cardiac valves, the mitral and aortic valves are the most relevant in acquired left-sided valve disease because they directly determine left ventricular filling, outflow and systemic perfusion. This review compares the anatomical, pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of mitral and aortic valve diseases using contemporary guideline-based and peer-reviewed evidence. For transparency, the revised review specifies the databases searched, the search period, core search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. It also integrates clinically relevant severity thresholds for mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. The review shows that mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation primarily affect left atrial pressure, pulmonary venous circulation and left ventricular volume load, whereas aortic stenosis produces left ventricular outflow obstruction and pressure overload, and aortic regurgitation creates chronic diastolic volume overload. Treatment decisions should not be based only on the name of the affected valve. They must integrate symptoms, lesion severity, ventricular function, valve anatomy, surgical risk, patient age and Heart Valve Team assessment. Contemporary management includes surgical valve repair, surgical valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve implantation and transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair. Accurate differentiation between mitral and aortic valve disease is essential for timely intervention and prevention of irreversible cardiac remodeling.