TITLE:
Design and Analysis of an Isosceles-Triangle Antenna for Terrestrial Broadcasting and Satellite Communications Using the Method of Moments
AUTHORS:
Ofem Uket Omini, Udeh Maryrose Ify, Edward Emmanuel Angianting
KEYWORDS:
Isosceles Triangular Antenna, Method of Moments, Radiation Pattern, Current Distribution, Radiation Resistance, Satellite Communication, Terrestrial Broadcasting
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.13 No.7,
July
6,
2026
ABSTRACT: This research presents the design and electromagnetic analysis of an isosceles triangular loop antenna for terrestrial broadcasting and satellite communication applications using the Method of Moments (MoM). The antenna geometry was modeled and analyzed in MATLAB to evaluate its electrical and radiation performance characteristics. The study focused on determining important antenna parameters such as current distribution, radiation resistance, loss resistance, gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, radiated power, and radiation patterns. The designed antenna operated at a resonant frequency of 9.328 MHz with a wavelength of 32.16 cm. Numerical results obtained showed a side length and base length of 8.04 cm, perimeter of 26.08 cm, and radiation resistance of 323.2 Ω. The loss resistance was found to be significantly low at 36.24 Ω, resulting in a high radiation efficiency of 86.5%. The antenna achieved a gain of 1.8758 dBi and a directivity of 0.9375, confirming its directional radiation characteristics. Graphical results from the MoM revealed stable current and phase current distributions along the triangular structure. The radiation pattern plots further demonstrated focused directional radiation with improved electromagnetic energy propagation. The three-dimensional and two-dimensional radiation patterns confirmed the suitability of the antenna for long-distance communication systems. The results obtained indicate that the proposed isosceles triangular loop antenna possesses compact geometry, high efficiency, low power loss, and good directional properties, making it suitable for terrestrial broadcasting and satellite communication applications.