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Ji, Y., Chen, X., Wang, Z., Meek, C.J., McLean, J.L., Yang, Y., et al. (2025) Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Brain Extracts Induce Multiple Pathologies in Novel Vascularized Neuroimmune Organoids for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Molecular Psychiatry, 30, 4558-4575.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-025-03041-w

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Brain Organoids in Alzheimer’s Disease Research: Applications, Limitations, and Future Directions

  AUTHORS: Qi Shi

  KEYWORDS: Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurodegeneration, Brain Organoids, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Disease Modelling, Drug Screening

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.14 No.7, July 2, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which molecular pathology, cellular stress and network dysfunction accumulate over many years before dementia becomes clinically evident. Because early AD biology cannot be directly followed in living human brain tissue, experimental models are essential for testing mechanisms and candidate interventions. Brain organoids, usually derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide a three-dimensional human-cell-based system that can reproduce selected AD-like cellular phenotypes, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) changes, tau abnormalities, synaptic dysfunction and glial responses. However, organoids remain incomplete models. They are developmentally immature, variable between lines and batches, and lack full vascular, immune, systemic and behavioural complexity. This review discusses the applications, limitations and future directions of brain organoids in AD research, arguing that they are most powerful when used alongside animal models, human cohorts and biomarker studies.