TITLE:
A Statistical-Mechanical Realization of the Primary Particle Hypothesis: Emergent Spacetime and Cosmological Implications
AUTHORS:
Slobodan Spremo
KEYWORDS:
Emergent Spacetime, Pre-Geometric Cosmology, Primary Particle Hypothesis, Primordial Perturbations, Loop Quantum Cosmology, Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.3,
July
1,
2026
ABSTRACT: We present an extended mathematical formulation of the Primary Particle Hypothesis (PPH), in which spacetime and its causal structure emerge from a pre-geometric manifold
?
′
populated by superluminal primary particles. The fundamental invariant speed in
?
′
is
v
p
>c
, while the Lorentzian metric and the limiting velocity
c
arise statistically through coarse-graining and the central limit theorem applied to the microscopic velocity ensemble. In this sense, special relativity is not violated but extended: Lorentz invariance appears as a universal low-energy fixed point of the underlying transport dynamics. A discrete velocity spectrum with quantum
ε≈2.38×
10
?114
?m?
s
?1
provides a microscopic foundation for cosmological dynamics. We show that the critical density of Loop Quantum Cosmology is derived from first principles as a consequence of velocity-state saturation, leading to a non-singular Big Bounce. Density perturbations originate from finite-number statistical fluctuations of occupation levels, yielding
δρ/ρ
~
10
?5
and an approximately scale-invariant scalar spectrum with a small red tilt
n
s
≈0.97
, consistent with Planck observations. Tensor modes arise from quadrupole anisotropies of the velocity distribution, predicting a suppressed tensor-to-scalar ratio and violation of the slow-roll consistency relation. Time emerges relationally from collective dynamics in
?
′
, rather than being fundamental. The model therefore provides a statistically grounded, microphysical alternative to inflation, with distinctive and testable cosmological signatures.