TITLE:
Standardized Pathways for Sustainability Assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and International Comparative Study
AUTHORS:
Jingshu Hao, Ruiyu Lin, Rui Su, Jianing Liu, Wenqing Zhao, Qian Lin, Chonggang Yang
KEYWORDS:
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle, Sustainability, Standardization Path, International Comparison, Calculation of Carbon Concentration Threshold, Construction, Database Policy Coordination, International Recognition
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
Vol.14 No.6,
June
30,
2026
ABSTRACT: The global standardization landscape for assessing the sustainability of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) is highly fragmented, presenting a significant challenge to international trade and the certification of green hydrogen. Concurrently, China’s emerging standard system confronts pressing issues, including a lack of coordination, data deficiencies, a disconnect from market demands, and limited international recognition. This study conducts a systematic analysis of three distinct international standardization pathways—comparing the regulatory-driven (EU), market-guided (US), and industry-cooperative (Japan) approaches—and elucidates their underlying rationales and key divergences. Central disparities are identified across four critical dimensions: 1) The definition of system boundaries; 2) Data requirements and foundational sources; 3) Evaluation methodologies; 4) Mechanisms for the recognition and mutual acceptance of assessment results. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a strategic “three-stage” development framework for China, grounded in the principle of phased implementation tailored to national conditions. The short-term priority is to establish a unified national methodology and a core life-cycle database. Mid-term objectives involve fostering deeper integration between standards and market-based as well as fiscal policy instruments. The long-term vision aims to build an intelligent, integrated management platform and to actively participate in shaping international rules. By implementing this strategy, strengthening data infrastructure, and adopting pragmatic tactics for international recognition, China can develop a scientific, comprehensive, and internationally aligned standard system. Such a system would effectively bolster the domestic FCV industry, support the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, and contribute a substantive “Chinese solution” to the future governance of the global hydrogen economy.