TITLE:
Investigating IoT Technology’s Effects on Vocational Education Innovation in Pakistan Technical Institutes: Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Approach
AUTHORS:
Adnan Abdullah, Wusheng Ji, Jincheng Niu
KEYWORDS:
Internet of Things (IoT), Vocational Education, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Educational Innovation, Pakistan
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.13 No.6,
June
24,
2026
ABSTRACT: This research focused on the IoT Impact on the Evolution of Vocational Education in Pakistan Using Technology Adoption Model (TAM). Although IoT offers the possibilities of enhancing educational services through interactivity, personalization, and overall improvement in delivery, there is no adoption of IoT in vocational education in Pakistan. Based on quantitative research methodology, the research studies the perceptions, awareness, and overall educational readiness of vocational education participants in 10 educational institutions. The research indicates a low level of overall. Perceived usefulness and the behavioral intention to adopt IoT are low and are compounded by a plethora of barriers, including limited training, poor infrastructure and the lack of IoT security (privacy) in the education system. While ease of use is evident, and moderate awareness exists regarding IoT overall, the findings suggest a significant gap between the available IoT tools and their usefulness. The gap covers the lack of necessary IoT tools in the vocational education system in Pakistan. The research continues to provide discourse and the foundation to work on closing the digital divide. These findings indicate the incorporation of IoT for educational systems in developing countries and provide discourse for educational innovation and inclusive education.