TITLE:
Evolution of Physicochemical Characteristics during the Composting of Maize Stalk Waste: Evaluation of Agronomic Potential of the Composts
AUTHORS:
Komlavi Hubert Edoh, Nitale M’Balikine Krou, Gnon Baba
KEYWORDS:
Composting, Agricultural Waste, Maize Stalks, Soil Fertility, Recovery, Togo
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Applied Sciences,
Vol.16 No.6,
June
24,
2026
ABSTRACT: In Togo, maize stalk waste is mainly disposed of by open-air burning, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and soil degradation. This study aims to recover these residues through composting for use as an organic soil amendment. Four formulations were tested: C1 (100% maize stalk waste), C2 (80% maize stalk waste + 20% cow dung), C3 (95% maize stalk waste + 5% ash) and C4 (80% maize stalk waste + 15% cow dung + 5% ash). Monitoring of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio) was carried out over 180 days. The results show a typical composting progression with a thermophilic phase followed by maturation. Final pH values ranged from 6.89 to 8.88. The C/N ratio ranges from 12.95 to 23.09, indicating varying degrees of maturity depending on the formulation. The composts contain appreciable levels of fertilising elements (Ca, Mg, K, P), whilst concentrations of trace metals remain below the limits set by standard NFU 44-051. These composts show promising agronomic potential, although trials under real-world conditions are needed to confirm their effectiveness.