TITLE:
Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS): A Validation Study
AUTHORS:
Maria Efstathiou, Georgios Tsitsas, Stefanos Mantzoukas, Mary Gouva, Matthias Stadler, Elena Dragioti
KEYWORDS:
Subjective Academic Achievement, Scale Validation, Greek Nursing Students, Psychometrics, Convergent Validity
JOURNAL NAME:
Creative Education,
Vol.17 No.5,
May
28,
2026
ABSTRACT: Students’ self-evaluation of academic success does not always align with their performance, yet this subjective dimension shapes how they engage with their studies and respond to academic demands. The Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS) is a brief, five-item instrument designed to measure this construct; however, no validated Greek version currently exists. The present study aimed to translate, adapt, and examine the psychometric properties of the Greek SAAS in a sample of Greek university nursing students. A total of 496 undergraduate nursing students from eight Greek universities participated. The sample was randomly divided into two equal subsamples for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n1 = 248) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n2 = 248). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω. Convergent validity was examined through Pearson correlations with the Self-Efficacy subscale of the Student Coping Instrument (SCOPE), the four subscales of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ), and academic GPA. The EFA supported a unidimensional solution accounting for 59.2% of the total variance, with all factor loadings above 0.40. The CFA confirmed the single-factor structure, with very good incremental fit indices (CFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.992) and acceptable absolute fit (RMSEA = 0.078; SRMR = 0.039). Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.843; ω = 0.848). Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations with self-efficacy (r = 0.483), achievement goal orientations (r = 0.397 - 0.486), and academic GPA (r = 0.201). These findings indicate that the Greek version of the SAAS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing subjective academic achievement among Greek university students.