TITLE:
Global Zones of Particle Precipitation: EXOS-C’s Observation
AUTHORS:
Miah Muhammad Adel
KEYWORDS:
EXOS-C, LEO, SEPs, Magnetosphere, Response Function, Absolute Flux, L-Parameter
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.13 No.5,
May
28,
2026
ABSTRACT: This article pertains to EXOS-C’s LEO observations during 1984-1986 of quasi-trapped protons (0.64 - 35 MeV) and electrons (0.19 - 3.2 MeV) with the main focus on the former. The temporal variation of proton population near the geomagnetic equator reveals that the peak value of the equatorially mirroring component may increase by a factor of 50 or more between a solar maximum and a minimum condition, and that the peak flux profile of protons in the equatorial, low latitude, midlatitude, and auroral zones lying to the north and south of the equator, exist in parallel with the minimum magnetic field equator. Further, the proton and the electron populations in the said midlatitude zone show longitude and altitude dependencies. The locations of the peak profiles in all three zones in L-space depend upon the pitch angles of particles the distribution of which shows a second peak in addition to the one at 90? pitch angle. Particle flux does not depend on the local time. However, there is a great seasonal variation in e and p fluxes, possibly due to the solar condition. Particle flux variations are indicative of the presence of scattering by electromagnetic waves generated by both solar wind disturbances and magnetospheric instabilities. These waves and the ring current particles interact to redistribution of particles spatially and energy-wise. The energy spectra of both p and e fluxes run almost parallel. Theoretical understanding of these observations is in progress with the work of data analysis of other parts of the global zones.