TITLE:
Linear Regression Approach to Evaluating Pre-Post Learning Outcomes of Education for Sustainable Development
AUTHORS:
Yutaka Iguchi
KEYWORDS:
Regression Analysis, ESD, Competency, Pre-Post Intervention Change
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.14 No.5,
May
28,
2026
ABSTRACT: There is no standard method for analyzing and displaying pre-post test scores in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) programs. This article proposes a simple linear regression analysis to display and evaluate pre-post intervention changes in competency scores in ESD. Using three previously published datasets as examples, the results indicated that the mean pre-post change scores adjusted by the mean pre-intervention scores were better indicators of the development of ESD competencies. The linear regression analysis may be a statistically and visually useful method for comparing pre-post intervention changes in ESD competencies among different studies.