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Maul, J.J., Ostrowski, P.J., Ublacker, G.A., Linclau, B. and Curran, D.P. (1999) Benzotrifluoride and Derivatives: Useful Solvents for Organic Synthesis and Fluorous Synthesis. In: Knochel, P., Ed., Modern Solvents in Organic Synthesis, Springer, 79-105.
https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48664-x_4

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Iron(II) Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones via the Biginelli Reaction

  AUTHORS: Kyle A. Lyth, Rem Quintin V. David, Nicholas M. Edelen, Habiba Hamitova, Magnum L. McManigal, Rylan B. Nelson, Ram S. Mohan

  KEYWORDS: Aldehydes, Biginelli Reaction, 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, Green Chemistry, Iron(II) Triflate, Multicomponent Reactions

  JOURNAL NAME: Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Vol.16 No.2, May 26, 2026

  ABSTRACT: The synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones is of interest due to their biological activities. A common method for their synthesis is the Biginelli reaction, which is a one-pot multicomponent reaction of an aldehyde, urea and a β-ketoester. The Biginelli reaction is typically catalyzed by a Br?nsted or Lewis acid. However, many of these catalysts, such as BF3?Et2O and AlCl3 are corrosive and/or toxic. Herein, we report the iron(II) triflate-catalyzed (10.0 mol%, 22 - 24 h) synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones via the Biginelli reaction in isopropanol as a solvent. The reaction is also reported in two other solvents, benzotrifluoride (a useful replacement for CH2Cl2) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, a bio-derived solvent. Iron(II) salts are attractive catalysts because of their low cost, low toxicity, and ease of handling.