TITLE:
Efficacy of Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola) Extracts and Antifungal Agents on Caprine Dermatophytosis, in Gwagwalada FCT, Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Bridget Maria Jessica Adah, Rabi Rebecca Mairabo, Kazeem Hamza, Ahmed Abubakar, Olamide Tawa Owolabi, Martha Echioda-Ogbole, Ebenezer Odey Odey, Casmir Ifeanyichukwu Cajetan Ifeanyi, Stella Anaelechi Madubuike
KEYWORDS:
Wonderful Kola, Dermatophytes, Maceration, Methanol, n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.14 No.5,
May
26,
2026
ABSTRACT: The extracts of wonderful kola were prepared using the cold maceration technique using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, distilled water, and methanol as solvents. The extracts were then tested on each isolate using the broth macro dilution technique. Commercially available antifungal discs (Himedia?) containing Amphotericin B (100 units), Clotrimazole (10 μg), Fluconazole (25 μg), Itraconazole (10 μg), Ketoconazole (10 μg), and Nystatin (100 units) were used to assess the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to commonly available antifungal agents. Out of the 124 samples, 20 (16.13%) were positive for dermatophytes. The methanol extract of wonderful kola showed activity on all the isolates, while the hexane extract showed activity on only three isolates, and the ethyl acetate extract showed activity on only two isolates. The aqueous extract showed no activity on any of the isolates. For the six antifungal drugs used, Amphotericin B was the most effective agent against all the isolates followed by Nystatin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole and finally Fluconazole which had little or no effect on majority of the isolates. All Microsporum species were resistant to fluconazole, and all but one were resistant to clotrimazole. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was resistant to all the antifungal agents. Epidermophyton floccossum was susceptible to all the agents except clotrimazole. Dermatophytosis is a health issue in goats from Gwagwalada, FCT, and the methanol extract of wonderful kola has a significant effect on the dermatophytes isolated. There is a need to practice good hygiene and carry out proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent and control the spread of dermatophytes to humans and other animals. The antifungal activity of extracts of Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola) should be further explored and fully exploited.