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Dong, Y., Chai, C. S., Sang, G. Y., Koh, J. H. L., & Tsai, C. C. (2020). Exploring the Structural Relationship among Teachers’ Constructivist Pedagogical Beliefs, TPACK, and Teacher Leadership. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51, 162-177.

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• TITLE: Construction and Validation of a Creative Teaching Competence Scale for EFL Teachers

  AUTHORS: Qiuyu Xu, Kailun Wu, Huang Zuo

  KEYWORDS: Creative Teaching Competence, EFL Teachers, Scale Development, Teacher Agency, High-Stakes Testing, Educational Ecology

  JOURNAL NAME: Creative Education, Vol.17 No.4, April 30, 2026

  ABSTRACT: This paper aims to develop and validate a Creative Teaching Competence (CTC) scale for Chinese high school EFL teachers. The study uses expert review, pilot testing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and subgroup comparisons to propose a three-factor structure consisting of Knowledge, Ability, and Beliefs/Affect. The main findings indicate a moderate overall CTC level, relatively stronger Beliefs/Affect than Knowledge, and significant urban-rural differences.