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Yazdaninejadi, A., Hamidi, A., Golshannavaz, S. and Nazarpour, D. (2021) Fault Identification, Protection Schemes, and Restoration Requirements of Microgrids. In: Anvari-Moghaddam, A., Abdi, H., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B. and Hatziargyriou, N., Eds., Microgrids, Springer, 581-614.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59750-4_20

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Modeling and Simulation of Protection Logic for In-Feeder Fault Detection in a Microgrid System

  AUTHORS: Ahmed Y. Al-Shekei

  KEYWORDS: AC Microgrids, Protection Method, In-Feeder Fault Detection, Minimum Phase Current, Residual Current

  JOURNAL NAME: Energy and Power Engineering, Vol.18 No.4, April 24, 2026

  ABSTRACT: The issue of ensuring selective and reliable earth faults in modern microgrids still persists due to sympathetic zero sequence currents and multi-source coupling complexities. In this paper, the customized Earth Fault Protection (EFP) logic has been formulated and tested to successfully discriminate between true in-feeder Earth faults and other non-fault sympathetic currents within the AC microgrid environment modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. The customized logic utilizes the dual-threshold strategy with residual current (I₀) and the minimum phase current (Imin), further bolstered by time-blocking action to prevent unwarranted operations. The simulation results indicate that the customized protection logic provides complete immunity to false operations during sympathetic I₀ currents. Yet, it also manifests sensitivity to low-intensity internal faults if the stationary Imin threshold is unexceeded. The customized solution compares favorably with the state-of-the-art in terms of simplicity, understandability, and direct realizability without requiring heavy computations through artificial intelligence frameworks such as ANFIS topology-independent models and AI-powered microgrid fault detection techniques.