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Yamashita, T. and Hayes, P. (2008) Analysis of XPS Spectra of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ Ions in Oxide Materials. Applied Surface Science, 254, 2441-2449.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.09.063

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Camel Manure-Derived Biochar/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) Removal from Wastewater

  AUTHORS: Nabil Abduraqeb Alhemiary, Mohammed Ali Helmi

  KEYWORDS: Camel Manure-Derived, Biochar, Wastewater, Removal of Heavy Metal, Iron Oxide

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, Vol.16 No.3, March 4, 2026

  ABSTRACT: This study synthesizes a magnetic biochar nanocomposite from camel manure via pyrolysis and co-precipitation to remove lead and cadmium from aqueous solutions. The researchers characterize the material using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS, confirming the presence of iron oxide and surface functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments indicate that the composite achieves high removal efficiencies (97.46% for Pb and 99.17% for Cd) following pseudo-second-order kinetics.