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Kravis, I. B. (1970). Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: Similarities between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. The Economic Journal, 80, 850-872.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2229902

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Can Exports of Goods and Services Be Considered an Engine of Economic Growth in Côte d’Ivoire?

  AUTHORS: Felix Fofana N’Zué, Peniel-Exane Koffi Koffi

  KEYWORDS: Exports, International Trade, Economic Growth, Cointegration, ARDL, Causality

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.14 No.2, February 28, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Openness to international markets is a key factor in a country’s economic development. The relationship between exports of goods and services and economic growth has been extensively researched in recent years and is considered essential for developing and enhancing economic growth. This article, therefore, examines the relationship between exports of goods and services as an engine of economic growth in Côte d’Ivoire for the period 1965-2023. Using the ARDL model, the results confirm the hypothesis that exports have a positive effect on economic growth in the long run and a negative effect in the short run. The country must opt for a policy targeting its merchandise exports to boost economic growth.