TITLE:
When Landscape Becomes Geometry: Fibonacci Spiral Patterning Anchored at the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun
AUTHORS:
Sam Osmanagich, Massimo Guzzinati, Richard Hoyle
KEYWORDS:
Spatial Analysis, GIS Methodology, Fibonacci Spiral, Logarithmic Geometry, Monte Carlo Simulation, LiDAR-Derived Topography, Landscape Patterning, Non-Random Spatial Structure, Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids
JOURNAL NAME:
International Journal of Geosciences,
Vol.17 No.2,
February
25,
2026
ABSTRACT: Evaluating large-scale spatial organization in natural landscapes is challenging, particularly when geometric patterns are distributed across multiple reference points rather than centered on a single location. Earlier work identified spiral-like configurations in the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids. The present analysis extends those observations by testing whether such configurations conform to logarithmic spirals derived from Fibonacci growth models. High-resolution LiDAR data and geodetic coordinates are used to construct fixed geometric spirals anchored to prominent topographic and hydrological features. To determine whether observed alignments could arise by chance, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to randomized spatial distributions constrained by identical spatial boundaries. Several spiral trajectories intersect key landscape features more frequently than expected under random placement. These intersections recur across independent anchor points and do not rely on a single geometric center. The results indicate non-random spatial structure consistent with Fibonacci-based spiral models within the applied constraints. No inference is made regarding cultural intent, symbolic meaning, or chronology. The focus of the work is methodological, emphasizing reproducible GIS-based testing of spatial organization in complex landscapes.