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https://www.lsst.org/science/dark-energy/fundamental_physics

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• TITLE: Estimate of Neutrino Flavor Mass Sum from the Electroweak and Higgs Sectors with Permutational Symmetry

  AUTHORS: Richard B. Holmes

  KEYWORDS: Neutrino Masses, Higgs Sector, Quantum Field Theory, Electroweak Sector

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Modern Physics, Vol.17 No.2, February 14, 2026

  ABSTRACT: The origin of the minuscule masses of the known neutrino flavors is an important open question in particle physics. The neutrino-family flavor mass sum is bound by several data-based analyses to less than about 0.12 eV/c2. This sum is roughly 10 orders of magnitude smaller than the sum of the masses of the flavors of other fundamental fermion families. There are no explanations for the small value of this mass sum that are supported by observations. This paper provides an estimate of this sum using properties of the electroweak sector and the minimal Higgs sector with a derived permutational symmetry. The specific masses of the three generations of neutrino flavors can then be fit based on observations, but not fully determined, using properties of the homogeneous Higgs ghost Lagrangian.