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Gnerlich, J.L., Deshpande, A.D., Jeffe, D.B., Sweet, A., White, N. and Margenthaler, J.A. (2009) Elevated Breast Cancer Mortality in Women Younger than Age 40 Years Compared with Older Women Is Attributed to Poorer Survival in Early-Stage Disease. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 208, 341-347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.12.001

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Breast Cancer in Guinea: Molecular and Clinical-Pathological Characteristics

  AUTHORS: Malick Bah, Alhassane Ismael Toure, Mamadou Bobo Souare, Kalil Cisse, Ibrahima Kalil Conde, Bangaly Traore

  KEYWORDS: Cancer, Breast, Molecular Type, Her2 Oncogene

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.17 No.2, February 14, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common and deadly cancer among women worldwide. Immunohistochemistry techniques are routinely used to assess hormone receptor (HR) expression and the HER2 oncogene in breast cancer. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of breast cancer in Guinea. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study covering a period of 15 years and 8 months from April 11, 2007, to December 31, 2022, involving 144 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer. Data from immunohistochemical studies conducted abroad were collected in each case, providing information on hormone receptor status (estrogen and progesterone), HER2 oncogene expression, and molecular subtype. Results: The average age was 47.1 ± 11.8 years, ranging from 24 to 80 years. There were 142 (98.6%) women and 2 (1.4%) men, with a sex ratio of 1.4%. The average tumor size was 13.1 ± 11.1 cm. Patients were in stage III and IV in 72 (50.3%) and 41 (28.6%) cases, respectively. The tumor was invasive ductal carcinoma in 127 (88.1%) cases and SBR grade III in 62 (43.1%) cases. Hormone receptors were positive in 75 (52.1%) cases. The HER2 oncogene was expressed in 47 (32.6%) cases. Among the molecular subtypes, there were 47 (32.6%) cases of Luminal A, 46 (31.9%) cases of triple negative, 26 (18.1%) cases of Luminal B, and 25 (17.4%) cases of HER2 overexpressed. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is unavailable in the country and, due to a lack of financial resources, very few patients have access to it. Despite this unavailability, the systematic use of this technique will make it possible to adapt and personalize treatment for each patient.