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Krupp, L.B., Tardieu, M., Amato, M.P., Banwell, B., Chitnis, T., Dale, R.C., et al. (2013) International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group Criteria for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Immune-Mediated Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders: Revisions to the 2007 Definitions. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 19, 1261-1267.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458513484547

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Severe Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in an 18-Year-Old

  AUTHORS: Abdul Hameed Zaid, Brian Andrew Warmus

  KEYWORDS: Encephalomyelitis, Demyelinating Syndromes, Neuroimmunology, Molecular Mimicry

  JOURNAL NAME: Neuroscience and Medicine, Vol.17 No.1, February 12, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system usually preceded by an infection. While mainly a childhood disease, ADEM carries a worse prognosis in adults. We present a case of severe fulminant ADEM in an 18-year-old patient resulting in rapid neurological injury. Case Report: An 18-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with fever and an altered level of consciousness followed by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were initially suggestive of meningitis; however, subsequent neuroimaging and laboratory evaluation favored a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials and high-dose corticosteroids, the patient experienced rapid neurological deterioration, culminating in extensive and irreversible brain injury. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and treatment of ADEM, particularly in the adult population, remains a significant clinical challenge. Our case underscores the need for heightened vigilance and continued research to assist clinicians in the time-sensitive identification of this severe demyelinating disease.