TITLE:
Severe Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in an 18-Year-Old
AUTHORS:
Abdul Hameed Zaid, Brian Andrew Warmus
KEYWORDS:
Encephalomyelitis, Demyelinating Syndromes, Neuroimmunology, Molecular Mimicry
JOURNAL NAME:
Neuroscience and Medicine,
Vol.17 No.1,
February
12,
2026
ABSTRACT: Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system usually preceded by an infection. While mainly a childhood disease, ADEM carries a worse prognosis in adults. We present a case of severe fulminant ADEM in an 18-year-old patient resulting in rapid neurological injury. Case Report: An 18-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with fever and an altered level of consciousness followed by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were initially suggestive of meningitis; however, subsequent neuroimaging and laboratory evaluation favored a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials and high-dose corticosteroids, the patient experienced rapid neurological deterioration, culminating in extensive and irreversible brain injury. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and treatment of ADEM, particularly in the adult population, remains a significant clinical challenge. Our case underscores the need for heightened vigilance and continued research to assist clinicians in the time-sensitive identification of this severe demyelinating disease.