TITLE:
Clinical Outcome of Gynaecomastia Surgery Cases—An Eight-Years Retrospective Study
AUTHORS:
Omar Alameri, Medhat Emil Habib, Jasem Alshemeili, Syed Muhammad Sajjad Gillani, Muhammad Tariq Ayub, Aysha AlNaqbi, Abdulla Tareq Alhassani, Khalifa Alameri, Habiba Mohamed Siam, Fatma Albafta, Salma Mohamed Siam, Dalia Habib
KEYWORDS:
Gynecomastia, Surgical Treatment, Postoperative Complications, Hormonal Factors, Clinical Outcomes
JOURNAL NAME:
Modern Plastic Surgery,
Vol.16 No.1,
January
28,
2026
ABSTRACT: Objectives: Gynecomastia is a diffuse benign enlargement of the male breast. Its incidence has been increasing recently, especially among young males. This study aims to analyze the outcome of the gynecomastia cases operated at a tertiary care center and assess its clinical correlation. Patients and Methods: The medical records of patients operated on for 8 years (between January 2015 and December 2022) at the Plastic Surgery Department, were reviewed. This 8-year retrospective study analyzed the demographic data, the history and clinical picture of the gynecomastia presentation, and the surgeries performed with the postoperative complications. Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 31.2 years (16 - 51 years). The mean duration of gynecomastia was 4.9 years (2 months - 37 years). 59 patients had primary gynecomastia since puberty (30.1%), while 137 patients had secondary gynecomastia (69.9%). 101 of the patients had a history of hormonal injections (51.5%), while 95 patients denied receiving these injections (48.5%). 97 cases had 2ry gynaecomastia and received hormonal injections (70.8% of the 2ry gynaecomastia cases). 130 cases complained of swelling of the breasts and 114 complained of tenderness. Bilateral gynaecomastia was found in 169 cases (86.2%) and unilateral in the rest 27 cases (13.8%). 20 cases underwent liposuction surgery, 36 cases had retroareolar discs excision, 105 cases had liposuction with retroareolar discs excision, 8 cases had Doughnut procedure while 15 cases had both doughnut and liposuction done. Mastectomy with nipple areolae graft was done in 10 cases. 32 patients (16.16%) had postoperative complications in the form of early complications of haematoma in 6 cases and seroma in 2 cases. Delayed complications included recurrence in 17 cases and hypertrophic scars in 4 cases while 2 patients complained of asymmetry and one patient had chronic left axillary nerve irritation. Conclusion: The incidence of gynecomastia increases with hormonal and protein intake. The incidence of postoperative complications had no significant relation to the type of surgery performed in our cases.