TITLE:
Geothermal Energy in Jordan: Public Perception and Expert Insights from a National Survey
AUTHORS:
Rashed Amireh, Khaled Tarawneh, Feras Fraige, Awwad Titi
KEYWORDS:
Geothermal Energy, Sustainable Development, Public Perception, Expert Insights, Renewable Energy Policy, Jordan
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.14 No.1,
January
27,
2026
ABSTRACT: Jordan possesses considerable geothermal resources, predominantly within the low-enthalpy range (generally below 100˚C), which are well suited for direct-use applications such as space heating, greenhouse agriculture, aquaculture, and balneological activities rather than large-scale electricity generation. These resources occur mainly as hot springs and geothermal wells distributed across several geothermal fields, with temperatures ranging from approximately 27˚C to 70˚C. Despite this potential, geothermal energy remains largely underutilized within Jordan’s national energy mix. This study investigates public perception and expert perspectives on geothermal energy as a pathway toward sustainable development in Jordan. A national survey involving 418 respondents was conducted to assess public awareness, acceptance, and willingness to adopt geothermal and other renewable energy technologies. The results indicate strong public interest in renewable energy utilization, although economic constraints, limited infrastructure, and insufficient institutional support remain key barriers. Complementary interviews with renewable energy experts confirm Jordan’s substantial geothermal potential while emphasizing the need for enhanced community awareness, supportive policy frameworks, and targeted investment. The findings highlight geothermal energy as a viable and sustainable solution for addressing Jordan’s energy challenges, particularly in reducing energy costs, supporting sustainable agriculture, and improving energy security. To fully realize these benefits, strategic measures are required, including regulatory modernization, investment incentives, stakeholder collaboration, and public outreach initiatives. Overall, geothermal energy emerges as an economically feasible and environmentally sustainable component of Jordan’s long-term energy transition strategy.