TITLE:
The Media in Ghana and the Fight against “Galamsey” in Ghana: An Exploratory Study
AUTHORS:
Ogochukwu C. Nweke, Larry Alans Dogbey, Emmanuel K. A. Appiah, Bashiru S. Zibo
KEYWORDS:
Framing, Galamsey, Ghana, Illegal Mining, Journalism, Media
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Social Sciences,
Vol.14 No.1,
January
26,
2026
ABSTRACT: This study discussed the pivotal role of the Ghanaian media in the ongoing effort to defeat the menace of illegal small-scale mining, otherwise known as galamsey. In the background of deteriorating environmental conditions, pollution of water resources, and the threat to agricultural livelihoods, the study critically discusses the role of media framing, reporting, and investigative journalism in shaping public discourse and policy actions, as well as in exposing the dynamics of power and complicity as it regards to galamsey. Gaining direction from the qualitative paradigm, 24 participants namely, journalists, policymakers, community leaders, civil society actors and scholars were engaged through in-depth interviews. The analysis utilised a thematic approach by listing three main objectives as aims for the research. These core objectives surrounded the contribution of the media to the anti-galamsey campaign, the factors that hinder effective media coverage, and how the media influences both government policy and general environmental governance. Findings revealed that the media presents galamsey as a national crisis, a criminal activity, and a political and economic puzzle, which more than anything, escalates the fury among citizens and compels short-term government responses. These stories are sometimes unbalanced, failing to consider the socio-economic forces that compel disadvantaged groups to flock into illegal mining. In addition, the sensationalist type of reporting, although a good way to attract attention, has the potential to undermine attempts towards sustainable solutions. In addition, the research revealed significant obstacles for effective media engagement: fear, harassment, and media censorship, especially in investigations involving politically connected actors. Constraints on access to credible data and mining sites, as well as logistical and financial limitations, further restricts the ability of the media houses to undertake continuous and comprehensive reporting. Irrespective of these barriers, this study has established that continuous media publicity has been instrumental towards public awareness, and pushing the government to set-up immediate measures such as Operation Vanguard and the establishment of Galamsey Courts. Yet, the effect is weak and can be characterised by reactive policies rather than long-term systemic changes. Media pressure tends to spark temporary action, but the lack of political will and systemic support frequently stalls lasting change. By applying the Framing Theory, the study offered a nuanced understanding of how media narratives can either reinforce entrenched perspectives or stimulate reform. As part of its recommendations, it encouraged the capacity-building of investigative journalism, the enhancement of safety measures for journalists, depoliticisation of media ownership, and the establishment of institutions to grant free access to information. When adopted, the measures will enhance the role of the media as a watchdog and an ally in policy formulation, enforcement of accountability, and protection of Ghana’s environmental future.