TITLE:
Electric Charge as an Emergent Noether Current—Quantization Linked to Planck’s Constant
AUTHORS:
Doron Kwiat
KEYWORDS:
Real Coupled-Fields, Fermions, Germions, Electric Charge, Planck Constant, Charge Quantization
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.12 No.1,
January
21,
2026
ABSTRACT: We propose a field-based framework in which fermions are represented as bound configurations of two coupled real fields (“germions”) in ordinary 3 + 1 spacetime. In this approach, electric charge emerges dynamically as a conserved Noether current generated by the internal rotation of the coupled fields. Charge quantization follows from the compactness of the internal phase and is directly tied to Planck’s constant through the relation
Q=
nℏ/κ
=ne
, where
κ=ℏ/e
defines the universal scale connecting charge and action. Thus, electric charge is not a fundamental input but an emergent quantity rooted in the same oscillatory structure that gives rise to quantized energy. The framework yields concrete experimental benchmarks: a finite effective electron radius
r
e
≈2×
10
−20
m
(
Λ=10 TeV
), deviations in Bhabha scattering cross sections (
δσ
σ
≈1.7×
10
−3
at
s
=1 TeV
, and a predicted anomalous magnetic moment shift (
δ
a
e
~
10
−15
. These effects provide clear distinctions from the Standard Model, where the electron is point like and charge is postulated rather than derived. By linking charge quantization directly to Planck’s constant, the coupled-fields model offers both a conceptual reinterpretation of one of nature’s most fundamental constants and a set of measurable predictions.