Article citationsMore>>

Carroll, A. B. (2008). A History of Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Practices. In A. Crane, A. Mcwilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon, & D. S. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 19-46). Oxford University Press.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Should CEO’s, Who Engage in Political Activism Resulting in Financial Damage to Their Corporations, Be Fired?

  AUTHORS: Constance Crawford, Corinne Crawford

  KEYWORDS: Political, Stock Value, Corporate Influence

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Business and Management, Vol.14 No.1, January 19, 2026

  ABSTRACT: Political activism by corporate leadership has been a component of many influential business titan’s activities for generations. During the 1800’s, referred to as the “Gilded Age”, many renowned corporate titans, including Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie, engaged in political activism resulting in massive wealth and unprecedent political influence (Carroll, 2008). Similar to the corporate titans of the 1800’s, Elon Musk was also engaged in political activism starting in the 2020’s (Dzialo, 2018). Recently, the actions of CEO’s engaged in political activism, has been met with public resistance and loss of corporate valuation due to the perceived questionable activism behavior (Katje, 2025). Therefore, the question looms large, should CEO’s who engage in controversial political discourse at the risk of negatively impacting their corporate value, be fired?