TITLE:
Comparative Study of Vaginal Microecological Characteristics in Populations with Different Disease Types
AUTHORS:
Mengying Lu, Tingchao Wang, Shiqiang Luo, Xia Tang, Pei Huang, Ming Xie, Qi Zhao, Fengxia Liu
KEYWORDS:
Vaginal Microecology, Diminished Ovarian Reserve, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Dominant Bacteria, Microbial Diversity
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Microbiology,
Vol.16 No.1,
January
16,
2026
ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare and analyze the differences in vaginal microecological characteristics between populations with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), providing a scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of reproductive health in women of childbearing age. Methods: A total of 2278 patients who visited our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as study subjects, including 65 DOR patients and 177 PCOS patients. Using 35 years of age as the cut-off point, experimental group 1 (DOR patients) and control group 1, as well as experimental group 2 (PCOS patients) and control group 2, were established by 1:1 matching. The detection results of vaginal microecological indicators were compared and analyzed between groups. Results: Comparison between experimental group 1 and control group 1: Among individuals under 35 years old, there were no statistically significant differences in any vaginal microecological indicators (P > 0.05); among individuals aged 35 years and above, the positive rate of sialidase, indicators related to fungal vaginitis, microbial density, and Nugent score in experimental group 1 were lower than those in control group 1, with statistically significant differences (P 0.05); among individuals under 35 years old, the proportion with Gram-positive large bacilli as the dominant bacteria in experimental group 2 was significantly lower than that in control group 2, and there was a significant difference in Nugent score (P Conclusion: There are significant differences in the vaginal microecological characteristics between DOR and PCOS patients. Vaginal microecological changes are more pronounced in DOR patients aged ≥35 years, while vaginal microecological abnormalities in PCOS patients are mainly concentrated in those under 35 years old. This difference may be related to the age-related onset trends of the two diseases and also provides a basis for precise microecological interventions tailored to different ages and disease types.