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Sonmez, M.S. and Kumar, R.V. (2009) Leaching of Waste Battery Paste Components. Part 1: Lead Citrate Synthesis from PbO and PbO₂. Hydrometallurgy, 95, 53-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.04.012

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Low-Emission Strategy for the Recycling of Solar Batteries in Ivory Coast: Case of Used Lead-Acid Batteries

  AUTHORS: Sampson Oladapo Oyedele, Soulemane Tuo, Kacou Joseph Anzi, Lanciné Bamba, Boko Aka

  KEYWORDS: Electronic Waste, Lead-Acid Batteries, Sustainable Recycling, Leaching, Lead Citrate, Lead Oxide

  JOURNAL NAME: Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science, Vol.15 No.3, July 31, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This study examines the management of solar battery waste, with a particular focus on used lead-acid batteries. The rise of off-grid solar systems in sub-Saharan Africa is leading to a rapid increase in this waste, whose high lead content poses an environmental and health threat. The objective of this research is to propose a sustainable recycling method based on citric leaching. The experiments yielded yields of 88.23% for lead citrate and 80.02% for lead oxide, confirming the feasibility of this approach in a perspective of sustainable development and local valorization of materials.