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Shrime, M., Kacker, A., Bent, J. and Ward, R.F. (2003) Fourth Branchial Complex Anomalies: A Case Series. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 67, 1227-1233.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2003.07.015

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Application of Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Branchial Anomalies

  AUTHORS: Yawen Chen, Xuemei He

  KEYWORDS: Branchial Anomalies, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.14 No.1, December 31, 2025

  ABSTRACT: BA (Branchial anomalies) are congenital malformations resulting from the incomplete regression of branchial apparatus structures during embryonic development. These lesions often exhibit complex anatomy and may adhere closely to critical vascular and neural structures in the neck. Given the rarity of these conditions and the consequent potential for limited clinical familiarity, selecting an appropriate imaging modality is crucial. Accurate identification of the internal opening, delineation of the fistula tract, and provision of reliable imaging evidence are essential to guide surgical planning, achieve complete excision of the pathological tissue, and prevent recurrence. This article reviews the current progress in various imaging techniques applied to the diagnosis of BA.