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Ahmadian, E., Sodagar, B., Bingham, C., Elnokaly, A. and Mills, G. (2021) Effect of Urban Built Form and Density on Building Energy Performance in Temperate Climates. Energy and Buildings, 236, Article ID: 110762.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110762

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Study of the Energy Efficiency and Climatic Resilience of Building Envelopes in the Republic of Congo

  AUTHORS: Alain Symphorien Ndongo, Charmolavy Goslavy Lionel Nkouka Moukengue, Harmel Obami-Ondon, Yuriy Yevdokimenko

  KEYWORDS: Energy Efficiency, Building Envelope, Air Conditioning System, Humid Tropical Climate, Republic of Congo

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.15 No.4, December 23, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Climate change is increasing thermal constraints on buildings in humid tropical areas, where air conditioning accounts for up to 60% of residential electricity consumption. In Congo, energy demand is growing while electricity production remains insufficient, exacerbating load shedding. This study analyses the thermal performance of existing building envelopes and proposes construction solutions adapted to the Congolese context. Based on local climate data, architectural surveys and exergoeconomic analysis, various insulation scenarios were simulated. The results show that 50 to 150 mm of mineral wool insulation reduces heat transfer by 2.5 to 5.5 times, leading to a proportional decrease in the exergy costs associated with air conditioning. These results confirm the need to introduce low thermal conductivity materials and energy performance standards for new and existing buildings. The study thus contributes to the implementation of sustainable design strategies adapted to tropical climates.