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Kristiansen, R. (1981) Sand-filter trenches for purification of septic tank effluent: I. The clogging mechanism and soil physical environment. Journal of Environmental Quality, 10, 353-357. doi:10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030020x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Comparing a small gravel-less perforated pipe leach fields (GPPLF) to a medium one in treating domestic sewage

  AUTHORS: Yiheng Yang, Chengduan Wang, Zhenhua Dang

  KEYWORDS: Gravel-Less Perforated Pipe Leach Fields; Pollutants Removal Rate; Comparing; Component; Formatting; Style; Styling; Insert

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.4 No.3, March 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: There were obvious differences between a medium gravel-less perforated pipe leach fields and a small system in the treatment of demestic sewage with the change of influent quality. In small system, COD removal rate was 91%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 90%, total nitrogen was 58%. In medium system, COD removal rate was 86.07%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 45.3%, and total nitrogen was 48.2%. This paper studied on the differences. Its main reasons were as follows: differences in opening rate (perforated area account of the total area in infiltration pipe), air flow conditions, exterior environment, and wastewater distribution. Considering those problems, Solutions and applications for the development of GPPLF are given.