TITLE:
Simulation and Experimental Validation of a Grid-Connected Microgrid for Rural Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia
AUTHORS:
Halyani Mohd Yassim, Muhammad Lutfi Syed Hussain@Zul, Asif Ahmed
KEYWORDS:
Distributed Renewable Generation, Microgrid, Micro Hydropower System, Rural Electrification
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
Vol.13 No.12,
December
16,
2025
ABSTRACT: Rural electrification remains a major challenge in South Asian countries, where many rural settlements still lack access to reliable electricity. In line with the 2030 Agenda, decentralized energy systems that incorporate distributed renewable resources have become an option for improving rural energy access. Among these systems, microgrids provide a structured way to supply rural settlements. However, operating a microgrid can be challenging due to variability of renewable resources. This study presents a methodology for simulating and validating a grid-connected microgrid designed to improve rural electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia. The proposed microgrid system comprises a micro-hydro generator, electrical loads, and a connection to the utility grid. The microgrid is modeled in HOMER Pro to evaluate its technical feasibility, while its practical implementation is validated using the Lucas-Nuelle Training System with SCADA monitoring. Simulation results indicate that the micro-hydro generator consistently supplied power of 21.3 kW during normal stream flow conditions, while the grid maintained continuous power during low stream flow conditions. Experimental results further confirmed voltage stability, power balance, and smooth transitions between both sources. The findings demonstrate that the grid-connected microgrid offers a technically reliable solution for rural electrification, supporting Malaysia’s progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7.