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Parchand, S., Agrawal, D., Ayyadurai, N., Agarwal, A., Gangwe, A., Behera, S., et al. (2022) Sympathetic Ophthalmia: A Comprehensive Update. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 70, 1931-1944.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2363_21

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Latest Research Progress on Sympathetic Ophthalmia—A Brief Literature Overview

  AUTHORS: Meinian Nong, Wenhao Ma

  KEYWORDS: Sympathetic Ophthalmia, Granulomatous Uveitis, Ocular Trauma, Panuveitis, Incidence

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol.16 No.12, December 11, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, usually secondary to penetrating ocular trauma or intraocular surgery. Symptoms typically occur 5 days to 56 years after trauma or surgery, but most commonly manifest 2 weeks to 2 months postoperatively. The main clinical features include acute or chronic granulomatous uveitis, accompanied by Dalen-Fuchs nodules and choroiditis. Systemic glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing immunosuppressants remain the first-line treatments. This article systematically summarizes the latest research advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management of SO, aiming to provide references for clinical practice and scientific research.