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AFNOR (1997) Qualité de l’eau—Recueil des normes françaises. Volume 1: Terminologie, échantillonnage et expression des résultats. Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR).

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Market Gardening on the Togolese Coast: Characterization of the Water Resources Used

  AUTHORS: Kossi Biava Afatsao, Benziwa Nathalie Johnson, Kodjo Djidjolé Etse, Komlan Edjèdu Sodjinou, Raoufou Radji, Akossiwoa Marie-Luce Quashie

  KEYWORDS: Coastline, Market Gardening, Irrigation Water, Physico-Chemical Composition

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.17 No.12, December 12, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the physicochemical quality of groundwater used for irrigating vegetable crops along the Togolese coast. Thirty samples collected from five locations were analyzed using standard analytical methods and classification diagrams (Richards and Wilcox) to characterize the water. The results show that, although the water generally has low salinity and is suitable for irrigation, it contains high concentrations of potassium and nitrates. The Ablogamé site, in particular, exhibits the highest levels of anthropogenic influence.