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C. Stangor and D. McMillan, “Memory for Expectancy- Congruent and Expectancy-Incongruent Information: A Review of the Social and Social Developmental Lite-ratures,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 111, No. 1, 1992, pp. 42-61.

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• TITLE: The Effect of Gender on Cognitive Structuring: Who are More Biased, Men or Women?

  AUTHORS: Yoram Bar-Tal, Maria Jarymowicz

  KEYWORDS: Gender, Cognitive Structuring, Confirmation Bias, TSAI, Self Reference Effect

  JOURNAL NAME: Psychology, Vol.1 No.2, June 30, 2010

  ABSTRACT: The effect of gender on the use of cognitive structuring (CS) is examined in three studies (n = 356). Study 1 showed that Israeli men use less diagnostic information (display more confirmation bias) than Israeli women. Study 2 demonstrated that Polish adolescent male but not female were influenced by implicit cues in a judgment task a Study 3 showed that the correlation between trait anxiety and the state anxiety measures, in first degree relatives of patients in a cardiac intensive care unit in Israel, was significantly higher for Israeli men than for women. According to the findings of the three studies, women use cognitive structuring to a lesser degree than men do.