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Chappell, M. A. (2011). Solid-Phase Considerations for the Environmental Fate of TNT and RDX in Soil. In M. A. Chappell, C. L. Price, & R. D. George (Ed.), Environmental Chemistry of Explosives and Propellant Compounds in Soils and Marine Systems: Distributed Source Characterization and Remedial Technologies (pp. 1-25). American Chemical Society.
https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1069.ch001

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Immobilization of TNT and RDX Explosives from Contaminated Soil at Demining Sites in Amuru District, Northern Uganda, Using Rice Husk Biochar

  AUTHORS: Jimmy Ocaya, Beatrice Arwenyo, Acaye Ongwech, Proscovia Nnamuyomba, Harriet Angwech, Silvia Awor, David Kanis, Moses Kigozi, Jaffar Kisitu

  KEYWORDS: LIQUID Chromatography, Soil Remediation, Bioavailability, Anaerobic Pyrolysis

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.13 No.11, November 17, 2025

  ABSTRACT: The study investigated using rice husk biochar (RHB) to immobilize TNT and RDX explosives in soil at demining sites in Amuru District, Uganda. RHB produced via pyrolysis at 550˚C was applied at a rate of 5% w/w to soil samples spiked at 50 µg∙g−1 RDX or TNT. The Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the RHB immobilized 56% - 67% of RDX and 55% - 69% of TNT. The biochar’s porous structure and surface functional groups facilitated the explosive adsorption, reducing bioavailability. This demonstrates RHB’s effectiveness as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective remediation strategy.