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Liu, G., Zhang, C., Zhao, M., Guo, W. and Luo, Q. (2020) Comparison of Nanomaterials with Other Unconventional Materials Used as Additives for Soil Improvement in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Review. Nanomaterials, 11, Article 15.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010015

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Formulation and Investigation of Thermo Mechanical Properties of a Friction Material (Liner) Made from Ox Horn Particles

  AUTHORS: Moungnutou Ndam Soulemanou, Anyi Joseph Nkongho, Theodore Tchotang, Mahonde

  KEYWORDS: Investigation, Friction Material, Horns Particles, Thermal Properties, Mechanical Properties

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol.13 No.6, November 14, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This article investigates into the physical and thermo mechanical properties of a friction composite material based on ox horn and phenolic resin. The tests revealed that an intermediate density of 100 µm offers a good balance between density and homogeneity. Increasing the horn particles fraction reduces the density of the composite, thereby influencing its compactness and porosity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology analysis revealed that fine particles (50 µm) provide good dispersion and promote porosity. Intermediate particles (100 µm) offer the best balance of cohesion, low porosity and good mechanical performance. Coarse particles (300 µm) provide greater density but less effective interfacial adhesion. The compressive strength of the composite depends heavily on particle size and horn particles fraction. The static friction coefficient of the horn particles and phenolic resin composite (100 µm) is 0.42/0.35 (for Kevlar-based brake linings) and 0.40 (for carbon fibre-based linings). Wear tests have proven that the ox horn and phenolic resin composite varies between 2.5 - 3.0 (mm3/Nm) and 1.5 - 2.0 (mm3/Nm).