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Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., Heikkila, B.C., Lal, N. and Webber, W.R. (2013) Voyager 1 Observes Low-Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays in a Region Depleted of Heliospheric Ions. Science, 341, 150-153.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236408

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Cosmic Electron Spectra by the Voyager Instruments and the Galactic Electrostatic Field

  AUTHORS: Antonio Codino

  KEYWORDS: High Energy Astrophysics, Particle Astrophysics, Solar Magnetic Fields, Solar Physics, Galactic Cosmic Rays

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.13 No.10, October 30, 2025

  ABSTRACT: The Voyager spacecrafts have been measuring since 2012 the rates of electron and nuclei of the cosmic radiation beyond the solar cavity at a distance of more than 1013 meters from the Earth. A record of unique and notable findings has been reported and among them, the electron-to-proton flux ratio of 50 to 100 below energies of 50 MeV. This ratio is thoroughly opposite to that of 0.01 measured at higher energies in the range 10 GeV to 10 TeV. The difference amounts to four orders of magnitude. Arguments and calculations to show how this surprising and fundamental ratio lends support to the empirical evidence of the ubiquitous electrostatic field in the Milky Way Galaxy are presented. In other respects, this paper examines and calculates, for the first time, the electric charge balance in the solar system delimited by the termination shock of the solar wind.