TITLE:
Anatomopathological and Seroepidemiological Surveys of Avian Pseudo-Plague (Newcastle Disease) and Its Socioeconomic Impact on Family Poultry Sector in Abéché, Ouaddaï Province, Eastern Chad
AUTHORS:
Oumar Bada Algom, Issa Youssouf Adoum, Abdel-Aziz Izzedine Arada, Mahamat Abdoulaye Bechir
KEYWORDS:
Vulnerabilities, Newcastle Disease, Family Poultry Sector, Adaptation of Stakeholders, Economic Performance, Abéché-Eastern Chad
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine,
Vol.15 No.10,
October
29,
2025
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the epidemiological and socioeconomic impact of Newcastle disease (ND) on family poultry in Abéché, Chad. Using anatomo pathological surveys, serological testing and stakeholder interview and the authors determined an average serological prevalence of 15.3%. The study identified local perceptions of the disease, its seasonal peak, and significant economic losses for producer, collectors and merchants, which lead to high-risk behaviors like panic selling of sick birds. Newcastle disease is locally recognized forms with distinct clinical presentations. These are different manifestations of the same disease: the peracute form (Nôma) with general symptoms and petechiae, and the acute form with respiratory (Amzirnekh), digestive (Ammisserine), and nervous (Ammarara) tropisms. Salient clinical symptoms characterized by profuse greenish diarrhea (33.5%), high-pitched cry (13.4%), dizziness (11.7%) and serous oronasal serosities (10.5%) and the main lesions dominated by congestions and membrane petechiae of proventriculus. Newcastle disease resurfaces in the cold dry season in the form of a pathological complex often associated with infectious Coryza (Ab-iyené) in 10% and with fowl pox (djederi ab-rièsse) in 15% of poultry farms as opposed to the hot dry season, when it is linked to external argas parasitoses (dalam) and lice (Gamoul). Its annual evolution showed two epizootic peaks in December and March. The average serological prevalence rate of the province estimated at 15.3%. However, there were observable variations with significant differences (P