TITLE:
Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Involute Spline Drive Considering Misalignment and Instantaneous Flash Temperature
AUTHORS:
Tengfei Xue, Mingjie Shen, Xiangzhen Xue
KEYWORDS:
Involute Spline, Misalignment, Instantaneous Flash Temperature, Backlash, Dynamic Load
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Engineering and Technology,
Vol.13 No.4,
October
28,
2025
ABSTRACT: For ease of installation, the involute spline used in aerospace, automobile and other fields will have clearance. Due to the presence of backlash, involute splines often experience misalignment during torque transmission. Under the influence of misalignment, the load distribution is highly concentrated on individual spline teeth, and frictional heat generation is also severe, increasing the risk of adhesive wear and tooth surface bonding of spline teeth. At the same time, these risks will lead to permanent damage to the spline tooth profile and further increase of the tooth gap, thus introducing harmful vibration, generating abnormal noise, and reducing transmission accuracy and efficiency. Based on this, this study constructed a dynamic model of involute spline transmission considering misalignment. On the basis of Blok flash temperature theory, the contact temperature of the spline working tooth surface and the time-varying backlash affected by temperature were obtained under misaligned working conditions. On this basis, the dynamic load characteristics of involute spline teeth under the combined influence of misalignment and contact temperature, as well as the effect of misalignment on instantaneous flash temperature, were explored. The research shows that the dynamic load in the process of spline transmission increases with the increase of contact temperature. Under the condition of a misalignment of 1 × 10−4 m and a temperature of 100˚C in the spline body, the maximum meshing force of the spline teeth is 183.4 N, and the maximum dynamic meshing torque is 46.81 Nm. The spline tooth working surface’s instantaneous flash temperature peak and its frequency of occurrence are positively correlated with the degree of misalignment.