TITLE:
Diversity of Soliton Structures in (2 + 1)-Dimensional BKP Equation with Variable Coefficients
AUTHORS:
Keke Chen, Meiling Duan
KEYWORDS:
Variable Coefficients, Hirota’s Bilinear Method, Soliton Structures, Interaction Behavior
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.13 No.10,
October
28,
2025
ABSTRACT: The study derives the Hirota bilinear form for a variable-coefficient (2 + 1)-dimensional BKP equation and constructs N-soliton, M-lump, and mixed lump-soliton solutions. By testing four representative time-dependent coefficient sets, the authors visualise how
α(
t
)
,
β(
t
)
and
δ(
t
)
shape the spatial patterns of solitons and lumps. The work emphasises the richer structural diversity and evolution pathways that arise when coefficients vary with time.