TITLE:
Coexistence of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Coincidence or Autoimmune Association?
AUTHORS:
Sara Ibrahim Al Hamal, Mustafa Al Nasser, Zahra Zaki Al Zahir
KEYWORDS:
Systemic Lupus Erythematous, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.13 No.10,
October
22,
2025
ABSTRACT: Background: Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) and bronchial carcinoid tumors are both rare pulmonary neoplasms. Their coexistence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been previously reported. Chronic autoimmune-mediated inflammation in SLE may contribute to pulmonary neoplasia. Case Presentation: We report a 39-year-old male active smoker with a 23-year history of SLE, who presented with respiratory symptoms. Chest imaging revealed diffuse cystic and nodular lesions with upper lobe predominance, consistent with PLCH, and an endobronchial mass in the right lower lobe. Bronchoscopy confirmed a well-circumscribed lesion, and histopathology established the diagnosis of a bronchial carcinoid tumor. The patient was treated with Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) lobectomy of a bronchial carcinoid tumor, prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, inhaled bronchodilators, and supportive care, in conjunction with smoking cessation counseling. At the 12-month follow-up, there was no recurrence of the tumor. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare coexistence of PLCH and bronchial carcinoid tumor in SLE. While the association may be coincidental, chronic autoimmune inflammation and smoking may contribute to pulmonary neoplasia. SLE patients presenting with respiratory symptoms warrant a comprehensive pulmonary evaluation and long-term surveillance to identify potential overlapping pathologies and guide optimal management.