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Knodler, M., Noyce, D.A., Casola, E., Santiago, K.R., Bill, A.R. and Chitturi, M.V. (2017) A Driving Simulator Evaluation of Red Arrows and Flashing Yellow Arrows in Right-Turn Applications. Report, Safety Research Using Simulation University Transportation Center.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Observations of Driver Compliance with Dynamic No Right Turn on Red Signs at Signalized Intersections

  AUTHORS: Yuhan Zhang, Shoaib Mahmud, Meenakshi Sumeet Arya, Pratik Sapkota, Anuj Sharma, Christopher M. Day

  KEYWORDS: Signalized Intersections, Right-Turn Movements, Compliance Behavior, Dynamic Blank-Out Signs, Traffic Safety

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Transportation Technologies, Vol.15 No.4, October 22, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This paper examines driver compliance with No Right Turn on Red (NRTOR) restrictions at eight signalized intersections in Minnesota, where six locations were equipped with pedestrian- or time-of-day-activated dynamic blank-out signs and two locations displayed conventional static signs. High-resolution video observations were used to quantify right-turning driver responses. Compliance was measured using two perspectives: proportion of compliant cycles and proportion of compliant vehicles. The results showed that static signs were generally associated with higher compliance, yielding 80.0% per-cycle and 92.4% per-vehicle compliance, compared with 60.8% and 87.1% for dynamic signs. Logistic regression models were further applied to assess statistical significance and to evaluate how NRTOR effectiveness compares with other geometric and operational factors influencing driver behavior.