TITLE:
A Kaluza Klein Treatment of a Graviton and Deceleration Parameter q(z) as an Alternative to Standard DE and Its Possible Link to Standard DE Equation of State
AUTHORS:
Andrew Walcott Beckwith
KEYWORDS:
“Massive” Gravitons, Entropy, Kaluza Klein, Dark Matter, Dark Energy
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology,
Vol.11 No.4,
October
22,
2025
ABSTRACT: First of all, we will reiterate a mechanism for relic early universe gravitons. This is the precursor of the main result of this paper and involves the decay of micro black holes, with relic graviton production. For the 2nd part of graviton physics, we invoke reacceleration of the universe. The case for a four-dimensional graviton mass (non-zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis on whether five-dimensional geometries as given below give us new physical insights as to cosmological evolution. The final question is, can DM/DE be explained by a Kaluza-Klein particle construction? i.e., the author presents a Kaluza Klein particle representation of a graviton mass with the first term to the right equal to a DM contribution and with the 2nd term to the right being effective DE. This is the 2nd era of DE production. Finally we in the third part invoke the methodology of a modification of 1/r potentials, and the re-acceleration of the universe as a bridge between the first and second parts of this document, in terms of the physics of DE and gravitons. This is compared with an equation of state given by reference [15], as a confirming basis for perhaps rationalizing a linkage between early universe production of gravitons, and then a subsequent Equation of state for DE, which may be able to predict reasons for quintessence.