TITLE:
The Impact of Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections on Earth’s Climate
AUTHORS:
Marilia Hagen, Anibal Azevedo
KEYWORDS:
X Flares, Sunspots, Earth’s Temperature, Weather Anomalies
JOURNAL NAME:
Atmospheric and Climate Sciences,
Vol.15 No.4,
October
14,
2025
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the impact of X flares, sunspots, and other solar phenomena on the Earth’s surface, which contribute to climate anomalies. The analysis focuses on global events and variations. The Earth’s magnetic field protects from solar radiation, which impacts the Northern and Southern Hemispheres differently. Specifically, two years with lower average temperatures, 2008 and 2011, were selected for detailed study. Subsequently, the year 2024, the warmest on record since 1850, was analyzed in the context of these records.